Base Station

Base station ndi malo olumikizirana ndi anthu am'manja, omwe ndi mtundu wamawayilesi. Zimatanthawuza ma transceiver a wayilesi omwe amatumiza uthenga ndi ma terminals amafoni a m'manja kudzera pa malo olumikizirana ndi mafoni am'dera linalake lawayilesi. Mitundu yake ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:Malo oyambira ma Macro, malo oyambira, malo oyambira a SDR, obwereza, ndi zina.

Macro base station

Ma macro base station amatanthawuza masiteshoni otumizira ma siginecha opanda zingwe omwe amalumikizana nawo. Ma macro base station amakhala mtunda wautali, nthawi zambiri 35 km. Ndioyenera kumadera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri m'midzi. Iwo ali omnidirectional Kuphunzira ndi mphamvu mkulu. Masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mizinda, mtunda woyenda ndi wocheperako, nthawi zambiri 1-2km, wokhala ndi njira yolowera.Mmasiteshoni a icrobase amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pobisalira akhungu m'malo otentha akumatauni. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu yotumizira ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo mtunda wofikira ndi 500m kapena kuchepera. Mphamvu ya zida zamasiteshoni akuluakulu nthawi zambiri ndi 4-10W, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala chiŵerengero cha ma siginoloji opanda zingwe cha 36-40dBm. Kuonjezera phindu la 20dBi la mlongoti wa siteshoni yoyambira ndi 56-60dBm.

ZogawidwaBaseStation

Masiteshoni omwe amagawidwa ndi m'badwo watsopano wazinthu zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza kufalikira kwa netiweki. Mbali yake yayikulu ndikulekanitsa gawo la ma radio frequency processing unit kuchokera ku macrobase station baseband processing unit ndikulumikiza kudzera mu fiber fiber. Lingaliro lalikulu lakapangidwe ka siteshoni yogawa ndikulekanitsa macrobase station baseband processing unit (BBU) ndi radio frequency processing unit (RRU). Awiriwa amalumikizidwa kudzera mu fiber optical. Pakutumiza kwa netiweki, baseband processing unit, core network, ndi zida zowongolera ma network opanda zingwe zimakhazikika muchipinda chapakompyuta ndikulumikizidwa ndi ma radio frequency akutali omwe amatumizidwa pamalo omwe akonzedwa kudzera mu fiber optical kuti amalize kuphimba netiweki, motero amachepetsa ndalama zomanga ndi kukonza. ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso.

Malo ogawa amagawa zida zamtundu wa macro base kukhala ma module awiri ogwira ntchito molingana ndi ntchito. Baseband, main control, transmission, wotchi, ndi ntchito zina za station station zimaphatikizidwa mu gawo lotchedwa baseband unit BBU (Base Band Unit). Chigawochi ndi chaching'ono kukula kwake ndipo malo oyikapo amasinthasintha kwambiri; mawayilesi apakatikati apakati monga transceiver ndi amplifier mphamvu amaphatikizidwa mumtundu wina wotchedwa remote radio frequency module, ndipo ma radio frequency unit RRU (Remote Radio Unit) imayikidwa kumapeto kwa antenna. Chigawo cha ma radio frequency ndi baseband unit amalumikizidwa kudzera mu ulusi wa kuwala kuti apange njira yatsopano yogawa yogawa.

Zithunzi za SDRBaseStation

SDR (Software Definition Radio) ndi "pulogalamu yofotokozera wailesi", yomwe ndi ukadaulo wolumikizirana wopanda zingwe, ndendende, ndi njira yopangira kapena lingaliro la mapangidwe. Makamaka, SDR imatanthawuza njira yolumikizirana opanda zingwe yotengera matanthauzidwe a pulogalamu m'malo modzipereka kwa hardware. Pakali pano pali zigawo zitatu zazikuluzikulu za SDR hardware: GPP-based SDR structure, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based SDR (Non-GPP) structure, ndi GPP + FPGA/SDP-based hybrid SDR structure. Kapangidwe ka SDR kutengera GPP ndi motere.

SDR base station ndi njira yoyambira yopangidwa ndikupangidwa kutengera lingaliro la SDR. Mbali yake yayikulu ndikuti gawo lake la mawayilesi amatha kukonzedwa ndikufotokozedwanso, ndipo amatha kuzindikira kugawika kwanzeru kwa ma sipekitiramu ndikuthandizira mitundu ingapo ya maukonde, ndiko kuti, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazida zomwezo. Tekinoloje yogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukonde, monga momwe tawonetsera m'chithunzichi, intaneti ya GSM + LTE ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zomwezo.

RP wobwereza

RP wobwereza: Wobwereza RP amapangidwa ndi zigawo kapena ma modules monga tinyanga,RF ndiuplexers, amplifiers otsika phokoso, zosakaniza, ESCatenuators, zosefera, zokulitsa mphamvu, ndi zina zotero, kuphatikizapo uplink ndi downlink amplification maulalo.

Mfundo yayikulu ya ntchito yake ndi: kugwiritsa ntchito mlongoti wakutsogolo (mlongoti wopereka) kuti mulandire chizindikiro chotsikirapo cha siteshoni yoyambira kubwereza, kukulitsa chizindikiro chothandiza kudzera pa amplifier yaphokoso lotsika, kupondereza chizindikiro chaphokoso, ndi onjezerani chiŵerengero cha ma signal-to-noise (S/N). ); Kenako imasinthidwa kukhala siginecha yapakati, yosefedwa ndi fyuluta, yokulitsidwa ndi ma frequency apakatikati, kenako imasinthidwa kukhala ma frequency a wayilesi, yokwezedwa ndi amplifier yamagetsi, ndikutumizidwa ku siteshoni yam'manja ndi mlongoti wakumbuyo (kubwezeretsanso). mlongoti); nthawi yomweyo, mlongoti wakumbuyo umagwiritsidwa ntchito Chizindikiro cha uplink chochokera ku siteshoni yam'manja chimalandiridwa ndikusinthidwa ndi ulalo wokulitsa wa uplink motsatira njira ina: ndiko kuti, imadutsa amplifier-phokoso, pansi-converter, fyuluta, pakati. amplifier, up-converter, ndi amplifier mphamvu isanatumizidwe kumalo oyambira. Izi zimakwaniritsa kulumikizana kwanjira ziwiri pakati pa siteshoni yoyambira ndi siteshoni yam'manja.

An RP repeater ndi opanda zingwe chizindikiro relay mankhwala. Zizindikiro zazikulu zoyezera khalidwe la wobwereza zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa luntha (monga kuyang'anira kutali, ndi zina zotero), IP3 yochepa (yochepera -36dBm popanda chilolezo), phokoso lochepa (NF), kudalirika kwa makina, ntchito zabwino zaumisiri. , ndi zina.

RP repeater ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwirizanitsa mizere ya netiweki ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma signature awiri pakati pa ma network awiri.

Wobwerezabwereza

The repeater ndiye chosavuta cholumikizira netiweki chipangizo. Imamaliza makamaka ntchito za gawo la thupi. Ili ndi udindo wotumiza zidziwitso pang'onopang'ono pagawo lamagulu awiri ndikumaliza kukopera kwa chizindikiro, kusintha, ndi kukulitsa ntchito kuti muwonjezere utali wa netiweki.

Chifukwa cha kutayika, mphamvu ya chizindikiro yomwe imaperekedwa pamzere idzachepa pang'onopang'ono. Kuchepetsa kukafika pamlingo wina, kumayambitsa kupotoza kwa chizindikiro, motero kumabweretsa zolakwika zolandila. Obwerezabwereza adapangidwa kuti athetse vutoli. Imamaliza kugwirizana kwa mizere yakuthupi, imakulitsa chizindikiro chochepetsera, ndikuchisunga mofanana ndi deta yoyambirira.

Poyerekeza ndi masiteshoni oyambira, ili ndi maubwino apangidwe kosavuta, ndalama zochepa, komanso kukhazikitsa kosavuta. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo akhungu ndi malo ofooka omwe ndi ovuta kubisala, monga malo ogulitsira, mahotela, ma eyapoti, ma docks, masiteshoni, mabwalo amasewera, malo osangalatsa, ma subways, tunnels, etc. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana monga misewu yayikulu ndi zilumba kuti muzitha kulumikizana bwino ndikuthetsa mavuto monga mafoni otsika.

The zikuchokera mafoni obwerezabwereza kulankhula zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu.

(1)opanda zingwe repeater

Chizindikiro cha downlink chimalandiridwa kuchokera ku siteshoni yoyambira ndikukulitsidwa kuti iphimbe malangizo a wogwiritsa ntchito; chizindikiro cha uplink chimalandiridwa kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndikutumizidwa kumalo oyambira pambuyo pakukulitsa. Kuchepetsa gulu, aband-pass fyulutaiwonjezedwa.

(2)Frequency Selective Repeater

Kuti musankhe pafupipafupi, maulendo a uplink ndi downlink amasinthidwa kukhala mafupipafupi apakati. Pambuyo posankha mafupipafupi ndi njira yochepetsera bandi, maulendo a up-link ndi downlink amabwezeretsedwa ndi up-conversion.

(3)Optical fiber transmission repeater station

Chizindikiro cholandilidwa chimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha kuwala kupyolera mu kutembenuka kwa photoelectric, ndipo pambuyo pa kupatsirana, chizindikiro chamagetsi chimabwezeretsedwa kupyolera mu kutembenuka kwa electro-optical ndiyeno kutumizidwa kunja.

(4)frequency shift transmission repeater

Sinthani ma frequency omwe alandilidwa kukhala microwave, kenaka mutembenuzire ku ma frequency omwe adalandilidwa poyamba, kukulitsa, ndikutumiza.

(5)M'nyumba repeater

Kubwereza kwamkati ndi chipangizo chosavuta, ndipo zofunikira zake ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimabwereza kunja. The zikuchokera mafoni obwerezabwereza kulankhula zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu.

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